Almejas de importancia comercial del Food quality research center

Data Records

The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 655 records.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.

How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Cayupi Angulo A, Araneda Tolosa C, Larraín Barth M A (2024). Almejas de importancia comercial del Food quality research center. Version 1.1. Universidad de Chile. Occurrence dataset. https://gbif-chile.mma.gob.cl/ipt/resource?r=fqrc_clams&v=1.1

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is Universidad de Chile. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 4673875f-24c0-49a0-9807-0e823c2089c0.  Universidad de Chile publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by GBIF Chile.

Keywords

Occurrence; Clams; Chile; Veneridae; Semelidae; Mactridae; Psammobiidae; Specimen

Contacts

Geographic Coverage

This clams were collected on the coasts of Chile.

Taxonomic Coverage

N/A

Temporal Coverage

Project Data

The FONDEF ID18I10025 project has as goal to develop a multi-locus diagnostic method based on DNA meta-barcoding technology for the identification of clam species found in Chile, as the first stage to achieve forensic standards and support the traceability and competitiveness of this resource destined to be exported. The development of this capacity is important for Chile because clams are the second in volume of landings within the mollusks obtained from fisheries. Nine species of clams of commercial importance have been described in the country Ameginomya antiqua (Reticulated clam), Leukoma thaca (Taca clam), Tawera elliptica (Baby clam), Mulinia edulis (Taquilla), Semele solida (Tumbao), Gari solida (Culengue ), and three white clams Eurhomalea rufa, E. lenticularis and E. exalbida. These products have been exported to the European Union (EU), whose regulation 1379/2013 requires to declare, among other information, the commercial and the scientific name of the species to be declared. When clams are processed, the shells are removed making it impossible to know their species using morphological characters. The lack of reliable methods for the identification of the clam species from Chile has negatively affected its export to the EU. At the end of the project, the production result was achieved (“Diagnostic method for the identification of clam species from Chile”), along with other committed results (publication in a specialized magazine of the aquaculture sector and presentation of advances in national and international meetings). The 4 milestones committed were 100% met. During Milestone 1, samples of the nine clam species were collected from Iquique to Punta Arenas (~ 3,700 km) and were identified by an expert taxonomist and extracted to obtain the DNA. During Milestone 2, the "barcode" sequence reference database was constructed. Testing 29 pairs of universal primers for previously published “barcode” genes, the 16S rDNA, Histone 3, Histone 4, ITS-1 and ITS-2 genes were selected because they showed the best performance. These were sequenced by Sanger in 20 specimens of each of the nine target species, and their edited and curated sequence were indexed to be used as a local database with the BLAST tool ("Basic Local Alignment Search Tool"). In Milestone 3, using bioinformatic methods and the “barcode” sequences, five “mini-barcode” primer pairs were developed that allowed to obtain sequences with size between 126 to 220 bp to analyze process products. During Milestone 4, the “mini-barcodes” were standardized to be used in the iSeq 100 Sequencing System (Illumina). The performance of the method was evaluated through the diagnostic statistics of Sensitivity (S) indicating the ability of the method to correctly identify the species and Specificity (E) that shows the ability of the method to correctly exclude clams of other species. The method showed optimal performance identifying the nine species of clams analyzed (S = E = 1.0). Standardized Operating Procedures (SOPs) for analysis were developed to apply the method to fresh clam samples. This result is the first stage in the development of a reliable method for the identification of the nine clams of commercial interest in Chile with forensic standards. It is expected in a continuity project to take the method from the current TLR4 (laboratory tested technology) to a TLR7 by testing the technology in a real environment.

Sampling Methods

shopping at markets and natural collection by scuba diving

Method step description:

1. Specimen sampling Taxonomic identification Tissue sampling Sex identification DNA extraction Standard PCR Amplicon purification Sanger sequencing Assembly & alignment sequencher Barcoding gap & mini-barcoding design Terting mini-barcodes in local & NCBI DB Developing of local indexed DB

Collection Data

Bibliographic Citations

1. Vargas Manríquez C , Vásquez García S , Larraín Barth M A y Araneda Tolosa C (2022). Desarrollo de una herramienta molecular para la identificación de especie en almejas de Chile: Implicancias en autenticidad, inocuidad y conservación.

Additional Metadata