Descripción
This study provides a complete description of the geographical distribution of Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae), the only flying insect occurring naturally in the Antarctic continent. The distribution encompasses the South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic), South Georgia (sub-Antarctic) and parts of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR, southern Chile).
Registros
Los datos en este recurso de registros biológicos han sido publicados como Archivo Darwin Core(DwC-A), el cual es un formato estándar para compartir datos de biodiversidad como un conjunto de una o más tablas de datos. La tabla de datos del core contiene 65 registros.
Este IPT archiva los datos y, por lo tanto, sirve como repositorio de datos. Los datos y los metadatos del recurso están disponibles para su descarga en la sección descargas. La tabla versiones enumera otras versiones del recurso que se han puesto a disposición del público y permite seguir los cambios realizados en el recurso a lo largo del tiempo.
Versiones
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¿Cómo referenciar?
Por favor, tenga en cuenta que ésta es una versión antigua del conjunto de datos. Los usuarios deben citar este trabajo de la siguiente manera:
Gañan M, Contador T, Rendoll J, Simoes F, Pérez C, Graham G, Castillo S, Kennedy J, Convey P, (2020): Records of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. v1. Universidad de Magallanes. Dataset/Occurrence. http://gbif-chile.mma.gob.cl/ipt/resource?r=records_parochlus_steinenii&v=1.0
Derechos
Los usuarios deben respetar los siguientes derechos de uso:
El publicador y propietario de los derechos de este trabajo es Universidad de Magallanes. Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons de Atribución/Reconocimiento (CC-BY 4.0).
Registro GBIF
Este recurso ha sido registrado en GBIF con el siguiente UUID: 30c49fbf-4e2e-482e-bb49-4d294bc332cb. Universidad de Magallanes publica este recurso y está registrado en GBIF como un publicador de datos avalado por GBIF Chile.
Palabras clave
Occurrence; Specimen; Parochlus steinenii; winged Antarctic midge; South Shetland Islands; South Georgia; Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve
Contactos
- Investigador Principal
- Associate Professor of University of Magallanes
- Teniente Muñoz 166
- +56612621305
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0250-9877
- Proveedor De Los Metadatos ●
- Autor ●
- Originador ●
- Punto De Contacto
- Researcher
- Teniente Muñoz 166
- +56612621305 / +5698186306
- Investigador Principal
- Associate Professor of University of Magallanes
- Teniente Muñoz 166
- +56612621305
- Autor
- PhD Student
- Teniente Muñoz 166
- +56612621305
- Autor
- PhD Student
- Autor
- MsC student
- Teniente Muñoz 166
- MsC Student
- PhD student
- Autor
- Regents Professor of Biological Sciences
Cobertura geográfica
The dataset comprises the South Shetland Islands, specifically King George, Nelson, Robert, Livingston and Deception Islands in the Maritime Antarctic, South Georgia in the sub-Antarctic, Horn and Navarino Islands in the CHBR (southern South America, Chile).
| Coordenadas límite | Latitud Mínima Longitud Mínima [-64, -69], Latitud Máxima Longitud Máxima [-53, -35] |
|---|
Cobertura taxonómica
The present dataset reports occurrences of the specie Parochlus steinenii.
| Especie | Parochus steinenii (winged Antarctic midge) |
|---|
Cobertura temporal
| Fecha Inicial / Fecha Final | 2014-01-10 / 2019-02-26 |
|---|
Datos del proyecto
This proposal aims to understand biogeographical patterns and the processes responsible of the origin, adaptation and diversification of the Southern Ocean (SO) biota, particularly of two chironomid midges. We will study the role of historical climatic changes and life-history traits in the distribution of genetic lineages across a latitudinal gradient. We will amplify specific mtDNA and nucDNA markers, identify and characterize genomic and transcriptomic novelties associated to the adaptation of the biota in different areas and will conduct studies of ecophysiological performance and tolerance in the selected taxa including major environmental variables such as temperature. We aim to better understand about the processes involved in the origin, diversification and resilience of the SO biota in space and time.
| Título | Dipterans in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions: are they ready for the changes? |
|---|---|
| Fuentes de Financiación | INACH RT-48_16 Fondecyt Initiation 11130451 |
| Descripción del área de estudio | This project will be conducted along a latitudinal and environmental gradient expanding from the southern tip of South America in the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion, through the Scotia Arc and maritime Antarctic islands. |
| Descripción del diseño | The study was conducted throughout the latitudinal and environmental gradient that includes the southern tip of South America in the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion (54-57°S), and the Scotia Arc distribution of P. steinenii in the sub-Antarctic (South Georgia, 53-54°S) and Maritime Antarctic (South Shetland Islands, 63-64°S) regions. The geographical range of the study involves both small-scale microhabitat environmental gradients and the larger spatial scale 10-degree latitudinal gradient. In the maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands, we specifically surveyed ice-free areas on Deception, Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, Nelson, and King George Islands. In the north-west coast of Antarctic Peninsula, we surveyed the Trinity Peninsula and Litchfield Island. In the CHBR, we surveyed altitudinal gradients located along the north coast of Navarino Island, in Horn Island and the Diego Ramirez archipelago. Parochlus steinenii was found throughout the study area excepting the Diego Ramírez archipelago and the two locations along the north-west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Note that, more widely, the species has never been recorded in extensive terrestrial/freshwater studies from any location along the Antarctic Peninsula or from the South Orkney Islands (Chown & Convey, 2016). Fieldwork in the Antarctic was conducted during six austral summer seasons (2013/14 – 2018/19) during field expeditions organized by the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) to the South Shetland Islands and the British Antarctic Survey to South Georgia. In the Magellanic sub-Antarctic region of southern Chile (in the CHBR), fieldwork was organized by the Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program of the Universidad de Magallanes. To characterize the distribution of P. steinenii in the South Shetland Islands, we conducted intensive surveys throughout accessible ice-free areas. All accessible sites were sampled for a period of 4-6 h, depending on climatic conditions and logistic support. We additionally sourced all available information from the existing literature (see Wirth & Gressitt, 1967; Brundin, 1970; Allegrucci et al., 2006; Hann & Reinhard, 2006; Toro et al., 2006; Rico & Quesada, 2013). We assessed the presence/absence of P. steinenii (as larvae, pupae or adults) by searching close to the shoreline of lakes and streams, and specifically under rocks and vegetation, and in sediments. |
Personas asociadas al proyecto:
Métodos de muestreo
To determine the presence of Parochlus steinenii through the areas described, intensive field surveys were conducted through accessible ice-free areas. At each surveyed location, all accessible rivers, streams, lagoons and lakes were searched in detail over a period of 3-6 h, depending on the weather conditions and local logistics. Presence/absence was determined by examining the shoreline habitats to confirm the presence of larvae, pupae or adults under stones, rocks, sediment and/or submerged vegetation. Water body typology and macrohabitat were described following Hans & Reinhardt (2006). Each site visited was georeferenced using a Garmin 78SC GPS. Climatic variables (water temperature, air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) were measured and, finally, samples collected of living individuals for research into phenology and physiology, and of individuals immediately preserved in alcohol (95%) for genetic studies. All samples were transported to the Wankara Laboratory at Magallanes University in Puerto Williams, Chile. Characteristics of the species according to the taxonomic key of Wirth & Gressitt (1967) were verified in the laboratory. The species was recorded in all locations surveyed except Diego Ramirez Island and the north-west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Survey data were combined with information from a careful bibliographic review.
| Área de Estudio | The area of study in Maritime Antarctica includes the South Shetland Islands and part of the north-west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, both of which are included in Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Region (ACBR) 3, North-west Antarctic Peninsula (for more information see Terauds et al., 2012; Terauds & Lee, 2016). In the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (Magallanes sub-Antarctic region, Rozzi et al., 2012), the study area includes the Navarino Island, the Cabo de Hornos National Park and the Diego Ramírez Marine Park. Records of the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia are also included. During surveys the presence of any life stage of the species was recorded, macrohabitat was described, climatic variables recorded and a reference collection of individuals made. |
|---|---|
| Control de Calidad | Each record of the species obtained in the field was georeferenced using a Garmin 78SC GPS. Most records obtained from literature included geographical coordinates. Where this was not the case, records were assigned a georeference by identification of the body of water described in the study. Geographic names used for records presented here are the official name used in the maps prepared by the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (CGA) and by the Military Geographical Institute (IGM) of Chile. For sites lacking formal names, ‘unofficial’ names were assigned. |
Descripción de la metodología paso a paso:
- The study was conducted throughout the latitudinal and environmental gradient that includes the southern tip of South America in the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion (54-57°S), and the Scotia Arc distribution of P. steinenii in the sub-Antarctic (South Georgia, 53-54°S) and Maritime Antarctic (South Shetland Islands, 63-64°S) regions. The geographical range of the study involves both small-scale microhabitat environmental gradients and the larger spatial scale 10-degree latitudinal gradient. In the maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands, we specifically surveyed ice-free areas on Deception, Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, Nelson, and King George Islands. In the north-west coast of Antarctic Peninsula we surveyed the Trinity Peninsula and Litchfield Island. In the CHBR, we surveyed altitudinal gradients located along the north coast of Navarino Island, in Horn Island and the Diego Ramirez archipelago. Parochlus steinenii was found throughout the study area excepting the Diego Ramírez archipelago and the two locations along the north-west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Note that, more widely, the species has never been recorded in extensive terrestrial/freshwater studies from any location along the Antarctic Peninsula or from the South Orkney Islands (Chown & Convey, 2016). Fieldwork in the Antarctic was conducted during six austral summer seasons (2013/14 – 2018/19) during field expeditions organized by the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) to the South Shetland Islands and the British Antarctic Survey to South Georgia. In the Magellanic sub-Antarctic region of southern Chile (in the CHBR), fieldwork was organized by the Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program of the Universidad de Magallanes. To characterize the distribution of P. steinenii in the South Shetland Islands, we conducted intensive surveys throughout accessible ice-free areas. All accessible sites were sampled for a period of 4-6 h, depending on climatic conditions and logistic support. We additionally sourced all available information from the existing literature (see Wirth & Gressitt, 1967; Brundin, 1970; Allegrucci et al., 2006; Hann & Reinhard, 2006; Toro et al., 2006; Rico & Quesada, 2013). We assessed the presence/absence of P. steinenii (as larvae, pupae or adults) by searching close to the shoreline of lakes and streams, and specifically under rocks and vegetation, and in sediments.
Datos de la colección
| Nombre de la Colección | Colección de Invertebrados Antárticos y Subantárticos del Laboratorio Dulceacuícola Wankara de la Universidad de Magallanes |
|---|---|
| Identificador de la Colección Parental | urn:UMAG:WANKARA:Inv:Dip:AQ:Pstei and urn:UMAG:WANKARA:Inv:Dip:CL:Pstei. |
| Métodos de preservación de los ejemplares | Alcohol |
|---|
| Unidades curatoriales | Entre 15 y 20 per 5 ml glass vials |
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Referencias bibliográficas
- Allegrucci, G., Carchini, G., Todisco, V., Convey, P. & Sbordoni, V. A molecular phylogeny of Antarctic Chironomidae and its implications for biogeographical history. Polar Biol. 29, 320-326 (2006). DOI 10.1007/s00300-005-0056-7
- Chown, S.L. & Convey, P. Antarctic entomology. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 61, 119-137 (2016). doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023537
- Brundin, L. Diptera: Chironomidae of South Georgia. Pacific Insects Monogr. 23, 276 (1970).
- Hahn, S. & Reinhardt, K. Habitat preference and reproductive traits in the Antarctic midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae). Antarct. Sci. 18, 175 (2006). DOI: 10.1017/S0954102006000204
- Rico, E. & Quesada, A. Distribution and ecology of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) on Byers Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica. Antarct. Sci. 25, 288–291 (2013). doi:10.1017/S095410201200096X
- Rozzi, R., Armesto, J.J., Gutiérrez, J., Massardo, F., Likens, G., Anderson, C.B., Poole, A., Moses, K., Hargrove, G., Mansilla,, A., Kennedy, J.H., Willson, M., Jax, K., Jones, C., Callicott, J.B., & Kalin, M.T. Integrating ecology and environmental ethics: Earth stewardship in the southern end of the Americas. BioScience 62, 226-236 (2012). DOI: 10.1525/bio.2012.62.3.4
- Terauds, A., Chown, S., Morgan, F., Peat, J., Watts, D., Keys, H., Convey, P. & Bergstrom, D. Conservation biogeography of the Antarctic. Divers. Distrib. 18, 726-741 (2012).
- Terauds, A. & Lee, J. R. Antarctic biogeography revisited: updating the Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions. Divers. Distrib. 22, 836–840 (2016). DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00925.x
- Wirth, W.W. & Gressitt, J.L. Diptera: Chironomidae (midges). Antarctic Research Series Entomology of Antarctica Vol. 10 (1967).
Metadatos adicionales
Two publications have been generated from these data: 1. Gañán Mora, M., T.A. Contador & J.H. Kennedy. 2015. La vida en los extremos: el uso de SIG para estudiar la distribución de la mosca antártica alada, Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae), en las Islas Shetland del Sur (Antártica marítima).Pp.1599-1608, in de la Riva, J., P. Ibarra, R. Montorio & M. Rodrigues (eds.). Análisis espacial y representación geográfica: innovación y aplicación. Universidad de Zaragoza-AGE. ISBN: 978-84-92522-95-8. 2. Contador, T., Gañan, M., Bizama, G., Fuentes-Jaque, G., Morales, L., Rendoll, J., Simoes, F., Kennedy, J., Rozzi, R., Convey, P. 2019. Assessing distribution shifts and ecophysiological characteristics of the only Antarctic winged-midge under climate change scenarios. Scientific Reports. Accepted for Publication.
| Propósito | This database was developed as one of the main objectives of two Chilean-funded research projects addressing understanding the effects of climate change on sub-Antarctic and Antarctic insects. It provides a robust and up-to-date dataset documenting the distribution of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic, the sub-Antarctic and the CHBR in southern South America (Chile). |
|---|---|
| Descripción de mantenimiento | This database will be updated as new data is obtained |
| Identificadores alternativos | http://gbif-chile.mma.gob.cl/ipt/resource?r=records_parochlus_steinenii |